The Pediatric Qualifying and Life Long Learning Exam will consist of 125 questions:
The various sections involved in the exam, content and the percentage of questions on that content are listed below.
- Core General - all basic science questions must have clinical relevance - 35% of exam
- Anatomy
- Core Competency
- Radiation Safety
- Patient Safety include (DVT, antibiotic prophylaxis opioid addiction questions)
- Ultrasound Techniques
- Radiation Safety
- Ethics
- Basic Stats
- Fluid and Electrolyte management in children
- Infection & Inflammatory processes involving GU Tract
- UTI- Dx and management
- Rx and significance of reinfection vs relapsing UTI
- Pyelonephritis – Dx and management
- Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
- Kidney Abscess
- Kidney scarring - Dx & complications
- Henoch- Schonlein - Urologic manifestations
- Crohns Disease – Urologic manifestations
- Lichen Sclerosis- Dx and treatment
- Epididymitis Dx and Rx
- Funguria Dx & Treatment
- Balanoposthitis – Dx, Rx
- Phimosis- Rx
- Pediatric Vulvovaginitis
- Vaginal adhesions - Rx
- Sexual Transmitted Disease in adolescence
- HPV vaccine
- Ethics of Rx ( see core- competency)
- Antibiotic prophylaxis
- Trauma
- Transplant (pre Tx-evaluations and Post Tx-urologic complications)
- Congenital Anomalies and Embryological defects - 25% of exam
Note: Excludes obstructive disorders e.g. UPJ, PUV, primary obstructive megaureter, ureterocele see topic below - Cloacal anomalies- common UG sinus
- Congenital adrenal Hyperplasia
- Cryptorchidism (anorchia)
- Disorders of Sexual Differentiation
- Ectopic Ureters
- Epispadias-Exstrophy Complex
- Epididymal and Vasal anomalies
- Vasal agenesis- cystic fibrosis
- Gender dysmorphia
- Hydrocele
- Hydroculpos (Mullerian Duct abnormalities)
- Hypospadias
- Enlarged prostatic utricle
- Imperforate Anus – associated GU anomalies
- Prune Belly Syndrome
- Congenital megalourethra
- Testicular torsion (neonatal and Intravaginal)
- Renal Agenesis
- Renal Fusion anomalies
- Horse shoe kidneys cross fused ectopy
- Renal cystic disease of childhood
- Multicystic dysplastic kidneys
- Autosomal recessive kidney disease
- Autosomal dominant kidney disease
- Urachal Abnormalities
- Varicoceles
- Vesicoureteral reflux
- Pediatric Obstructive Uropathy - 15% of exam
- Antenatal Hydronephosis
- Differential Dx and Management
- Posterior and anterior urethral valves Dx and Management
- Vesicostomy when to do
- Primary Obstructing Megaureter Dx and Management
- UPJ obstruction Dx and Management
- Ureteroceles
- Duplex
- Single system
- Physiologic alterations from obstruction
- Post-obstructive diuresis Dx and Rx
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Neurogenic Bladder and Voiding Dysfunction - 15% of exam
- Dx –UDS assessment of Neurogenic bladder
- Etiologies of Neurogenic bladder in children
- Cerebral palsy
- Dx and Management
- Spina bifida
- Dx and Management
- Spinal cord injuries
- Dx and Management
- Tethered Cord
- Dx and Management
- Pharmacologic and Surgical Rx Neurogenic bladder (Not augments – see below)
- Antimuscuranics
- Onobotulinum Toxin
- Bladder and Bowel dysfunction
- Dx and Management
- Neural Stimulation
- Sacral Nerve stimulation
- Percutaneous Tibial nerve stimulation
- Management of Neurogenic Bowel
- Bowel Irrigations
- ACE indications and complications
- Pediatric Neoplasms and Urinary augmentation and diversion - 5% of exam
- Neoplasms
- Renal
- Mesoblastic Nephroma
- Wilms tumors Dx and Management
- Congenital anomalies associated with Wilms Tumors e.g. Deny Drash, Aniridia, Hemihypertrophy
- Clear Cell Sarcoma of the kidney: Dx and management
- Rhabdoid tumor of kidney: dx and management
- Tuberous sclerosis- angiomyolipoma
- Von Hippel Landau
- Renal cell carcinoma of childhood
- Testicular tumors of childhood and adolescence: Dx and Management
- Rhabdomyosarcoma: Dx and Management
- Rhabdomyosarcoma: Dx and Management
- spermatic cord
- vagina (sarcoma botyroides)
- NO NEUROBLASTOMAS!!!
- Urinary Diversions , Augmentations. BNR, AUS & Slings
- Indications and segments used for bladder augmentation
- Complications of augmentations
- Rupture
- Electrolyte and vitamin abnormalities
- Bladder stones management and prevention
- Renal Preservation
- Assessment of post augment urinary incontinence
- Complications and management of continent stomas
- Bladder Neck reconstruction or slings with or without augmentation
- Vesicostomy management of complications
- Indication and complications of urinary conduits.
- Artificial Urinary Sphincter- Indications and complications
- Endourology, Nephrology and Laparoscopic - robotic complications - 5% of exam
- Nephrolithiasis
- Percutaneous nephrolithotomy – indications and technique
- ECSWL – indications
- Ureteroscopy indications and technique
- Recommended follow-up after stone removal
- Metabolic work-up for stone disease
- Dx and Rx based on metabolic work up
- Heredity (genetic) causes for nephrolithiasis
- Urinary Crystal identification
- Nephrology
- Microscopic hematuria (workup)
- Gross hematuria of Neonate
- Hypercalciuria of infancy
- Proteinuria ( Dx and significance)
- Identification of glomerulonephritis
- Casts - Crenated RBC
- Post infectious GMN
- Renal Vein thrombosis
- Renal Artery Thrombosis
- Complications of Endourology and Laparoscopy-Robotics
- Ureteral stricture post ureteroscopy Dx and Rx
- Ureteral perforation: Dx and Rx
- PCN complications
- Bleed
- Bowel perforation
- Urinoma
- ECSWL - complications
- Robotic complications
- Diminished blood flow
- Reduced urine output
- Air embolism
- Complications of trocar placement
- Yolk sacTeratomaNSGC tumors in post pubertal pt stromal tumors ( Leydig cell tumors)Adrenal rest in congenital adrenal hyperplasiaEpidermoid cysts